C |
C&F Terms of Sale,
or INCOTERMS. |
Obsolete, albeit
heavily used, term of sale meaning
"cargo and freight" whereby Seller
pays for cost of goods and freight
charges up to destination port. In
July, 1990 the International Chamber
of Commerce replaced C&F with CFR.
|
Cabotage |
Water transportation
term applicable to shipments between
ports of a nation; commonly refers
to coast-wise or inter-coastal
navigation or trade. Many nations,
including the United States, have
cabotage laws which require national
flag vessels to provide domestic
interport service. |
CAF |
Abbreviation for
"Currency Adjustment Factor." A
charge, expressed as a percentage of
a base rate, that is applied to
compensate ocean carriers of
currency fluctuations. |
Captain's Protest
|
A document prepared by
the captain of a vessel on arriving
at port; shows conditions
encountered during voyage, generally
for the purpose of relieving ship
owner of any loss to cargo and
shifting responsibility for
reimbursement to the insurance
company. |
Carfloat |
A barge equipped with
tracks on which up to about 12
railroad cars are moved in harbors
or inland waterways. |
Cargo |
Freight loaded into a
vessel. Examples include containers,
breakbulk, Roll-on/Roll-off and bulk
cargoes. |
Cargo Manifest
|
A manifest that lists
all cargo carried on a specific
vessel voyage. |
Cargo NOS |
Cargo Not Otherwise
Specified. Usually the rate entry in
a tariff that can apply to
commodities not covered under a
specific item or subitem in the
applicable tariff. |
Cargo Preference |
Cargo reserved by a
Nation's laws for transportation
only on vessels registered in that
Nation. Typically the cargo is
moving due to a direct or indirect
support or activity of the
Government. |
The Cargo Preference
Act of 1954 (P.L. 83-664) |
This Act, as amended,
requires that at least 50 percent of
the gross tonnage of all
Government-generated cargo be
transported on privately-owned,
U.S.-flag commercial vessels to the
extent such vessels are available at
fair and reasonable rates. In 1985,
the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 was
amended to require that the
percentage of certain agricultural
cargoes to be carried on U.S.-flag
vessels be increased from 50 to 75
percent. |
Cargo Tonnage |
Most ocean freight is
billed on the basis of weight or
measurement tons (W/M). Weight tons
can be expressed in short tons of
2000 pounds, long tons of 2240
pounds or metric tons of 1000 kilos
(2204.62 pounds). Measurement tons
are usually expressed as cargo
measurement of 40 cubic feet (1.12
meters) or cubic meters (35.3 cubic
feet.) |
Carload Rate |
A rate applicable to a
carload of goods. |
Carnet |
A Customs document
permitting the holder to temporarily
carry or send merchandise into
certain foreign countries (for
display, demonstration or similar
purposes) without paying duties or
posting bonds. Any of various
Customs documents required for
crossing some international borders. |
Car Pooling |
Use of individual
carrier/rail equipment through a
central agency for the benefit of
carriers and shippers. |
Carrier
|
Any person or entity
who, in a contract of carriage,
undertakes to perform or to procure
the performance of carriage by rail,
road, sea, air, inland waterway or
by a combination of such modes.
|
Carrier's
Certificate |
A certificate required
by U.S. Customs to release cargo
properly to the correct party. |
Car Seal
|
Metal strip and lead
fastener used for locking freight
car or truck doors. Seals are
numbered for record purposes. |
Cartage
|
Usually refers to
intracity hauling on drays or
trucks. |
Cartel |
An association of
several independent national or
international business organizations
that regulates competition by
controlling the prices, the
production, or the marketing of a
product or industry |
Cartment |
Customs form
permitting in-bond cargo to be moved
from one location to another under
Customs control, within the same
Customs district. Usually in motor
carrier's possession while draying
cargo. |
Cash Against
Documents (CAD) |
Method of payment for
goods in which documents
transferring title are given the
buyer upon payment of cash to an
intermediary acting for the seller,
usually a commission house.
|
Cash in Advance
(CIA) |
A method of payment
for goods in which the buyer pays
the seller in advance of the
shipment of goods. Usually employed
when the goods, such as specialized
machinery, are built to order.
|
Cash With Order (CWO) |
A method of payment
for goods in which cash is paid at
the time of order and the
transaction becomes binding on both
buyer and seller. |
Catwalk |
A raised bridge
running fore and aft from the
midship, and called "walkway." It
affords safe passage over the
pipelines and other deck
obstructions. |
CBM (CM) |
Abbreviation for
"Cubic Meter." |
CE |
Abbreviation for
"Consumption Entry." The process of
declaring the importation of
foreignmade goods for use in the
United States. |
Cells |
The construction
system employed in container
vessels; permits ship containers to
be stowed in a vertical line with
each container supporting the one
above it. |
Center of Gravity |
The point of
equilibrium of the total weight of a
containership, truck, train or a
piece of cargo. |
Certificate |
- A document
certifying that merchandise (such as
of Inspection perishable goods) was
in good condition immediately prior
to its shipment.
- The document issued by the U.S.
Coast Guard certifying an American
flag vessel's compliance with
applicable laws and regulations. |
Certificate of
Inspection |
A certificate usually
required for industrial equipment
and meat products. There are
companies in every port city that
specialize in issuing certificates
of inspection for machinery. The
Meat Inspection Division of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture issues
certificates of inspection for meat
products that are recognized
throughout the world. |
Certificate of
Manufacture |
A document used under
a letter of credit containing an
affidavit that goods have been
manufactured and are being held for
the account and risk of the buyer.
In war times when transportation
facilities are disrupted, it is
common for letters of credit to be
paid against presentation of a
certificate of manufacture. This is
rare in ordinary times, except in
the case of specially manufactured
goods. |
Certificate of
Origin |
A certified document
showing the origin of goods; used in
international commerce. |
Certificate of
Registry |
A document specifying
the nation registry of the vessel. |
CFS |
Abbreviation for
"Container Freight Station." A
shipping dock where cargo is loaded
("stuffed") into or unloaded
("stripped") from containers.
Generally, this involves less than
containerload shipments, although
small shipments destined to same
consignee are often consolidated.
Container reloading from/to rail or
motor carrier equipment is a typical
activity. |
Charter
Agreement/Charter Party
|
A lease or agreement
to hire an airplane, vessel, or
other means of conveyance to
transport goods to one or more
designated locations. Among other
specifications, the contract usually
stipulates the exact obligations of
the vessel owner (loading the goods,
carrying the goods to a certain
point, returning to the charterer
with other goods, etc.), or it
provides for an outright leasing of
the vessel to the charterer, who
then is responsible for his own
loading and delivery. In either
case, the charter party sets forth
the exact conditions and
requirements agreed upon by both
sides. |
Charter Party |
A written contract
between the owner of a vessel and
the person desiring to employ the
vessel (charterer); sets forth the
terms of the arrangement such as
duration of agreement, freight rate
and ports involved in the trip.
|
Charter Party Bill
of Lading |
A bill of lading
issued under a charter party. It is
not acceptable by banks under
letters of credit unless so
authorized in the credit.
|
Charter Rates
|
The tariff applied for
chartering tonnage in a particular
trade. |
Charterer
|
The person to whom is
given the use of the whole of the
carrying capacity of a ship for the
transportation of cargo or
passengers to a stated port for a
specified time. |
Chassis
|
A frame with wheels
and container locking devices in
order to secure the container for
movement. |
Chemical tanker |
Specially designed for
the transport of chemicals. |
Chief Engineer
|
Head of engineer
department. Keeps records of all
engine parts and repairs. Generally
tends to the functioning of all
mechanical equipment on ship.
Calculates fuel and water
consumption and requirements.
Coordinates operations with
shoreside port engineer.
|
Chief Mate
|
The officer in the
deck department next in rank to the
master; second in command of a ship.
He is next to the master, most
especially in the navigation and as
far as the deck department is
concerned. The chief mate assumes
the position of the Master in his
absence. |
Chief Mate |
The officer in the
deck department next in rank to the
master; second in command of a ship.
He is next to the master, most
especially in the navigation and as
far as the deck department is
concerned. The chief mate assumes
the position of the Master in his
absence. |
Chief Steward |
Orders food. Prepares
menus. Assists chief cook in food
preparation. |
Chock |
A piece of wood or
other material placed at the side of
cargo to prevent rolling or moving
sideways. |
CI |
Abbreviation for "Cost
and Insurance." A price that
includes the cost of the goods, the
marine insurance and all
transportation charges except the
ocean freight to the named point of
destination. |
CIF |
Abbreviation for
"Cost, Insurance, Freight." (Named
Port) Same as C&F or CFR except
seller also provides insurance to
named destination. |
CIF&C
|
Price includes
commission as well as CIF.
|
CIF&E |
Abbreviation for
"Cost, Insurance, Freight And
Exchange." |
CIFCI
|
Abbreviation for
"Cost, Insurance, Freight,
Collection And Interest."
|
CIFI&E
|
Cost, Insurance,
Freight, Interest and Exchange.
|
CKD |
Abbreviation for
"Completely Knocked Down." Parts and
subassemblies being transported to
an assembly plant. |
CL |
Abbreviation for
"Carload" and "Containerload".
|
Claim |
A demand made upon a
transportation line for payment on
account of a loss sustained through
its alleged negligence. |
Class Rates
|
A class of goods or
commodities is a large grouping of
various items under one general
heading, and all items in the group
make up a class. The freight rates
that apply to all items in the class
are called class rates. |
Classification
|
A publication,such as
Uniform Freight Classification
(railroad) or the National Motor
Freight Classification (motor
carrier), that assigns ratings to
various articles and provides bill
of lading descriptions and rules.
|
Classification
Rating |
The designation
provided in a classification by
which a class rate is determined. |
Classification Yard |
A railroad yard with
many tracks used for assembling
freight trains. |
Clayton Act |
An anti-trust act of
the U.S. Congress making price
discrimination unlawful.
|
Clean Bill of Lading |
A receipt for goods
issued by a carrier with an
indication that the goods were
received in "apparent good order and
condition," without damage or other
irregularities. If no notation or
exception is made, the B/L is
assumed to be "cleaned." |
Cleaning in Transit
|
The stopping of
articles, such as peanuts, etc., for
cleaning at a point between the
point of origin and destination.
|
Clearance |
The size beyond which
cars or loads cannot use Limits
bridges, tunnels, etc. |
Cleat
|
A strip of wood or
metal used to afford additional
strength, to prevent warping, or to
hold in place. |
Clip-On
|
Refrigeration
equipment attachable to an insulated
container that does not have its own
refrigeration unit. |
CM |
Abbreviation for
"Cubic Meter" (capital letters).
|
cm |
Abbreviation for
"centimeter." |
Coastwise |
Domestic shipping
routes along a single coast. |
COD |
Abbreviation for:
- Collect (cash) on Delivery.
- Carried on Docket (pricing).
|
COFC |
Abbreviation for the
Railway Service "Container On Flat
Car." |
COGSA |
Carriage of Goods by
Sea Act. U.S. federal codification
passed in 1936 which standardizes
carrier's liability under carrier's
bill of lading. U.S. enactment of
The Hague Rules. |
Collecting
|
A bank that acts as an
agent to the seller's bank (the
presenting bank). The collecting
bank assumes no responsibility for
either the documents or the
merchandise. |
Collection |
A draft drawn on the
buyer, usually accompanied by
documents, with complete
instructions concerning processing
for payment or acceptance.
|
Combination Export
Mgr. |
A firm that acts as an
export sales agent for more than one
noncompeting manufacturer.
|
Combination Rate
|
A rate made up of two
or more factors, separately
published. |
Commercial Invoice
|
Represents a complete
record of the transaction between
exporter and importer with regard to
the goods sold. Also reports the
content of the shipment and serves
as the basis for all other documents
about the shipment. |
Commodity |
Article shipped. For
dangerous and hazardous cargo, the
correct commodity identification is
critical. |
Commodity Rate |
A rate published to
apply to a specific article or
articles. |
Commercial Invoice
|
Represents a complete
record of the transaction between
exporter and importer with regard to
the goods sold. Also reports the
content of the shipment and serves
as the basis for all other documents
about the shipment. |
Commodity
|
Article shipped. For
dangerous and hazardous cargo, the
correct commodity identification is
critical. |
Commodity Rate |
A rate published to
apply to a specific article or
articles. |
Common Carrier
|
A transportation
company which provides service to
the general public at published
rates. |
Common Law |
Law that derives its
force and authority from precedent,
custom and usage rather than from
statutes, particularly with
reference to the laws of England and
the United States. |
Concealed Damage |
Damage that is not
evident from viewing the unopened
package. |
Conference
|
An association of ship
owners |